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Annabel Kelly Richard W. England Peter K. H. Maguire 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(3):1172-1184
A regional model of the 3-D variation in seismic P -wave velocity structure in the crust of NW Europe has been compiled from wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles. Along each 2-D profile a velocity–depth function has been digitised at 5 km intervals. These 1-D velocity functions were mapped into three dimensions using ordinary kriging with weights determined to minimise the difference between digitised and interpolated values. An analysis of variograms of the digitised data suggested a radial isotropic weighting scheme was most appropriate. Horizontal dimensions of the model cells are optimised at 40 × 40 km and the vertical dimension at 1 km. The resulting model provides a higher resolution image of the 3-D variation in seismic velocity structure of the UK, Ireland and surrounding areas than existing models. The construction of the model through kriging allows the uncertainty in the velocity structure to be assessed. This uncertainty indicates the high density of data required to confidently interpolate the crustal velocity structure, and shows that for this region the velocity is poorly constrained for large areas away from the input data. 相似文献
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Mapping landslide susceptibility from small datasets: A case study in the Pays de Herve (E Belgium) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
A landslide susceptibility map is proposed for the Pays de Herve (E Belgium), where large landslides affect Cretaceous clay outcrop areas. Based on a Bayesian approach, this GIS-supported probabilistic map identifies the areas most susceptible to deep landslides. The database is comprised of the source areas of ten pre-existing landslides (i.e. a sample of 154 grid cells) and of six environmental data layers, namely lithology, proximity to active faults, slope angle and aspect, elevation and distance to the nearest valley-floor. A 30-m-resolution DEM from the Belgian National Geographical Institute is used for the analysis. Owing to the small size of the sample, a special cross-validation procedure of the susceptibility map is performed, which uses in an iterative way each of the landslides to test the predictive power of the map derived from the other landslides. Four different sets of variables are used to produce four susceptibility maps, whose prediction curves are compared. While the prediction rates associated with the models not involving the “proximity to active fault” criterion are comparable to those of the models considering this variable, strong weaknesses inherent in the fault data on which the latter rely suggest that the final susceptibility map should be based on a model that excludes any reference to fault. This highlights the difference between a triggering factor and determining factors, and in the same time broadens the scope of the produced map. A single reactivated slide is also used to test the possibility of predicting future reactivation of existing landslides in the area. Finally, the need for geomorphological control over the mathematical treatment is underlined in order to obtain realistic prediction maps. 相似文献
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JEFF WARBURTON 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2007,89(1):95-101
The sediment mass balance equation is the fundamental concept which underpins most sediment budget studies in cold climate environments. In these environments the interchange between water and ice plays a predominant geomorphological role. Such environments show a large variety of geomorphic processes which are conditioned by both contemporary environmental conditions but also the legacy of past events. In the northern Europe/Arctic fringe these cold regions are distributed in a fragmented fashion and are likely to be very sensitive to climate change scenarios. The significance of such changes for sediment transfer can only be established if we have good contemporary process understanding, the necessary tools to carefully monitor and model such changes, and can apply such methods at appropriate scales which integrate both sediment sources and sinks. 相似文献
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JOHN R. GILLIS 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):274-287
ABSTRACT. Islands have long held a central place in Western cultures' mythical geographies. They have been associated for centuries with heroic journeys and holy quests, imagined realms of magical transformations. Islands have also been sites of significant rites of passage, and they continue to perform this function in the modern secular world. Today, popular islomania is expressed in the frequency of seasonal sojourning on European and American archipelagos. No longer destinations of permanent residence, islands now provide access to a sense of temporal and spatial rootedness that is no longer available on mainlands. They loom large on the mental maps even of those who rarely, if ever, visit them. 相似文献
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东南沿海地区的断裂与地震 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国东部,相对来说东南沿海地区的地震活动较为频繁,断裂构造也十分发育。地震活动与断裂构造有非常密切的关系,震中与断裂构造的空间分布也关系密切。通过对东南沿海大量震例的调查和研究,分析三组断裂与地震的关系,得出东南沿海地区东西向、北东向和北西向的三组断裂构造,分别构成了区内的衰减构造、控震构造和发震构造,形成了东南沿海陆缘构造活动带。 相似文献
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桂东南荔枝生长营养元素农业地球化学研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
桂东南是中国重要的荔枝产区,以梧州地区为例,重点对沙头和古凤两处荔枝种植园进行了生态地球化学调查,采集了荔枝园施肥圈内、外土壤,出露的代表性基岩,以及荔枝叶、青果和熟果样品,实测了大量和微量矿质元素、稀土元素,以及土壤营养元素有效态的含量。通过计算荔枝对土壤营养元素的吸收率及荔枝生长与结果期对营养元素的需求,查明本区荔枝生长的特征营养元素为Ca、K、Mg、Mn、P、Zn、Cu、B、Fe和REE。荔枝结果期的特需营养元素为P、Mg、Mo、Cu、Zn、Ko荔枝结果早和晚期特需元素分别为Ca、Si、B和Cu、Fe、K。在岩石-土壤-荔枝株生态循环系统中,本区营养元素在土壤中保持一定的积累,提供荔枝生长的需求,因此为荔枝宜种区;但全区土壤B缺乏,Zn、Mo局部不足。Ca、K、Zn在两区岩石土壤中分布不同,可能是造成沙头荔枝比古凤荔枝迟熟的主要农业地球化学因素。研究区有害元素Pb、Cd在土壤中积累是值得关注的土壤环境问题。 相似文献